【まめ知識04】明石の町割

城下

城下町以前、この地域は旧山陽道に沿ってなかのしょうむら(明石川左岸)と大明石村があるだけでした。
お城は西の明石川と東のりょうがわの中心の小山(赤松山)に築かれ、そのふもとを通っていた山陽道を南にかいさせて、外堀を設けました。
東西の川近くにはあしがる・組屋敷やお寺を配し、城下町を守り、明石川にはけいのため江戸時代後半まで橋はけられませんでした。
城下西端には姫路口門を構え十王堂が、東端には京口門に一向光明寺(朝顔光明寺)が配されました。外堀より内はさむらい町、その南は町屋で構成され、ふなだまりから西にふな)が集められました。
城下町形成初期の町屋は、東から町、さい町、ひがしうお町、東本町、西本町、西魚町、しな町、東たる町、西樽屋町、明石町でした。
東西に職人町、中央に商人町という配置で、特に東魚町はせんぎょり物、西魚町はほしもの、海産物と専門別にお店が集められていました。
現在は違う町名(本町)になり、地名を手掛かりにおう辿たどるのが難しくなってきました。

The city planning of old Akashi
Before Akashi became the castle town, there were only two villages. Nakanosho Mura village in the same were along the old Sanyodo route face to face. Akashi Castle was constructed on the hill, Mt Akamatsu, which was in the middle of the Akashi River in the west and the Ryoma River in the east. The old Sanyodo route went along the foot of the hill and was moved south. And then, the outer moat was built. They placed houses of samurai of the lowest rank and officers also temples near the both rivers as the buffer zone against the enemy. They didn’t build any bridges to prevent the easy invasion till the end of the Edo period. They installed Himeji-guchi gate at the west end of the town and built Juodo temple by it. They built Kyo-guchi gate at the east end of the town and arranged Ikko sect Komyo-ji or Asagao-Komyo-ji temple by the gate. There was Samurai-machi town between outer moat and inner moat. Tradesmen and artisans lived in the south of the outer moat and sailors were gathered in the west from the port. The domiciles where tradesmen and artisans lived in the early Edo period depended on their careers and were named from east to west, such as Kajiya-machi for smiths, Saiku-machi for craftmen, Higashi-uo-machi for fish shops, Higashihon-machi, Nishihon-machi, Nishi-uo-machi, Shinano-machi, Higashi-taruya-machi for the barrel, Nishi-taruya-machi, Akashi-machi. They set tradesmen zone on the middle and artisans zone on the east and west of the former. They could buy fresh fish and processed fish paste in Higashi-uo-machi only, and dried fish and marine products in Nishi-uo-machi only. Now Hon-machi includes Higashi-uo-machi and Nishi-uo-machi, so both of names disappeared. Though modern-day towns use the old names, their substances are quite different.

職人町として残る鍛冶屋町

信濃町は中町から本町2丁目になった

城下の西には寺院が集められた

明石へリテージマップ『城下』2017

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